Turkey
Turkey is the important station and center that connects the north to the south and the east to the west, which occupies a middle position between the European and Asian continents and borders the African continent. Its capital, Istanbul, was the capital of the Ottoman Islamic Caliphate for a period that spanned for nearly five centuries, ending with the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate and the transformation of the state into the Turkish Republic, with a population of about 75 million people, and it is characterized by a distinctive climate as it is a country that lives the four seasons at the same time.
Distinctive cities and landmarks in Turkey
Turkey is a tourist destination for many tourists, especially Arabs, and its mighty infrastructure and picturesque nature make it the main destination for tourists from neighboring countries, in addition to being Islamic countries open to all civilizations, and among the beautiful and wonderful cities that are recommended to visit:
The capital Istanbul
Istanbul is the first stop for tourism coming to Turkey, due to its great historical value, as it was in the past the capital of the Byzantine state and was called Constantinople, then it became the capital of the Islamic Caliphate. It is approximately 1,825 square kilometers and has a population of nearly 15 million.
Among its famous and distinctive landmarks is the Hagia Sophia Museum, which was the largest church and the central church for Orthodox Christians, then around a mosque in the Ottoman era and was converted into a museum in 1934 AD during the time of the Republic, and among the beautiful landmarks is the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), which was named by that name; Because its interior lining is predominantly blue, and among the landmarks is the Sulaymaniyah Mosque. It was built in 1558 AD at the behest of the great Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent for Mimar Sinan. It is an architectural and engineering masterpiece, the Sultans Palace (Dolma Beheshta) and this palace was built by order of Sultan Abdul Majid I In 1865 AD, it was the seat of the Ottoman sultans until 1922 AD. Its construction cost approximately 5 million Ottoman liras, or approximately 35 tons of gold at the present time. Yildiz Saray Palace was built in 1790 AD by order of Sultan Selim III and he used it Sultan Abdul Hamid II as the seat of the sultans and is located in the Besiktas region, which is of great beauty, the Topkapi Saray Museum, and contains many diverse Islamic monuments, especially the Ottoman ones, and has a symbolic entrance fee for tourists, and the Eyup Sultan Mosque. Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari, who was martyred on the walls of Istanbul in the first attempts to conquer Constantinople, and among the beautiful areas in Istanbul are the Bosphorus Bridge, Taksim Square, Eminonu District, Mina Turk, Tal Al-Arais, and Princesses Island.
Bursa city
It is the first capital of the Ottoman Empire and the fourth Turkish city in terms of population and the second Turkish city after Istanbul with tourism and commercial importance because it is completely located on the Sea of Marmara. The city contains many historical and natural monuments, with an area of 11,043 square kilometers and a population of nearly 3 million people.
One of the city’s famous landmarks is the Great Mosque. It was built during the time of Sultan Beyazid I in the year 1399 AD when Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. It consists of twenty domes with an area of more than 5000 square meters. It is one of the oldest mosques built during the Ottoman era, and one of the beautiful landmarks is Uludag Mountain, which reaches Its height is about 2500 meters and its length extends for a distance of up to 40 km, and its width ranges between 15-20 km. The beautiful Bursa, the Great and Small Waterfall, Luna Park, Uyilat Cave and Springs, which is the third largest cave in Turkey, with a length of 700 meters and a width ranging from 25 to 55 meters.
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