Malaysia
Malaysia is located in southeast Asia, and was formed after the Federation of Malaya gained independence on August 31, 1957 AD, and its merger with the state of Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah (formerly British North Borneo). ) together to form the state of Malaysia, noting that Singapore left the union on August 9, 1965 AD. Malaysia is one of the richest and most developed countries in the world. It is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country and has a rich and diverse culture dating back to the third century BC.
Malaysia's capital
Malaysia is one of the countries in the world with multiple capitals, and the city of Putrajaya is the administrative and judicial center of the country (the administrative capital), and the city of Kuala Lumpur (Kuala Lumpur) is the official and royal capital of it, where it was listed as the official capital of Malaysia in international documents, and occupies the order The first in terms of size in it, and it is also called the heart of Malaysia, is located in the state of Selangor in the central-western side of Peninsular Malaysia, and falls under the list of federal lands, and since it is the capital of the country, it is natural that many commercial and cultural businesses are concentrated in it, and the economy of Malaysia.[3]
Malaysia's history
The history of Malaysia dates back to about 1400 AD, its history began with the Sultanate of Malacca, which covered most of the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra, which emerged as a distinguished government and as a major commercial center for the spice trade, and Malacca was embracing the Islamic religion, and in 1511 AD. The colonial era began in Malaya after the Portuguese occupied the Sultanate of Malacca, and in 1641 AD occupied it by the Dutch, and then fell into the hands of the British in 1824 AD through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, and British colonization lasted for a very long time compared to others, and it worked The British unified all the Malaysian administrations that were run by the rulers of Malaya and dignitaries in the state, and during the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century the people of Malaya began to struggle for nationalism after the entry of education to the state with the help of the media such as newspapers, and the establishment of associations.
A union was established between the Malay people, the Chinese, and the Indians, which eventually led to the signing of the London Agreement on February 8, 1956 AD, which referred to the independence of Malaya on August 31, 1957 AD, and after independence was achieved, specifically on September 16 / September 1963 AD, a state was formed, currently known as Malaysia.
Malaysia's geography
Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia, just north of the equator, with an area of about 329,847 km2, and consists of two non-contiguous sections separated by the South China Sea, namely; The Malaysian Peninsula located in the Malay Peninsula, sometimes known as West Malaysia or Malaysia Barat, is bordered by the State of Thailand, and the second section is East Malaysia or Malaysia Timur located on the island of Borneo, and is bordered by the countries of Indonesia and Brunei, while the borders are Maritime countries in countries: Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines.
Malaysia has a variety of terrain, including; small islands such as; The island of Labuan, Langkawi, Banggi, Penang, and others, in addition to that, coral reefs are abundant in the waters adjacent to the Malaysian coast, and Malaysia contains many mountains, where the Titiwangsa Mountains extend Mountains) in Peninsular Malaysia from north to south, and covered with tropical forests, while the mountains of East Malaysia are the Crocker Mountains, and Mount Kinabalu is the highest peak with a height of about 4 km, and the country includes a group of Of the long rivers, lakes and limestone caves, Malaysia enjoys a tropical climate, meaning that its weather is hot, humid, and rainy throughout the year.
Demographics of Malaysia
The current population of Malaysia is approximately 32,408,048 people, according to the statistics of 2020, and thus ranks 45th in the list of countries in the world in terms of population,[9] and the population is distributed unevenly in the territory of Malaysia, where about 15 million people are concentrated in the lowlands From the Malaysian peninsula, and the country includes many ethnic groups, as Malaysians of Indian origin constitute 8% of the population, indigenous Malaysians constitute about 58%, and Malaysians of Chinese ethnicity make up about 26%. In the name of Bahasa Melayu, the official language in Malaysia, and there are many other languages spread in the country; Such as English, Thai, Telugu, Malayalam, Tamil, Panjabi, and many Chinese dialects, Islam is the official religion in them, where Muslims constitute approximately 60.4%, and they are They constitute the highest percentage in all states except Sarawak.
Malaysia's system of government
The system of government in Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy similar to the British system, and the government consists of the Senate or the Senate, comprising 68 members, and the House of Representatives, which includes 192 members, representing the thirteen Malaysian states and two union territories, and the king rules the country with the help of the Prime Minister who is granted most of the power The king, who is called the head of state or the supreme ruler of the state, is elected for a period of five years by the Conference of Rulers or the Council of Rulers.
Malaysia's economy
The Malaysian economy is a newly emerging industrial and marketing economy. It occupies the thirty-fifth place among the largest groups of the global economy, and the fourth place among the economic groups in Southeast Asia. Malaysia is the third richest country in Southeast Asia in terms of per capita GDP. In addition, Malaysia's economy is characterized by a high level of diversity and strength. In addition to being the second largest exporter of palm oil products in the world after Indonesia, palm oil is added to a major group of Malaysian exports, including; Electronic and electrical products, petroleum, liquefied natural gas, machinery, chemical products, scientific and optical devices, wood and metal products, and rubber.
Malaysia is one of the fastest growing countries in the world economically, specifically during the middle of 1997 AD, and the reason for this is the support of foreign investment to its economy by both the United States and Japan during the mid-seventies and eighties, as the average annual economic growth during the years 1988-1996 AD A record number estimated at 8% of the overall average growth, and the apparent boom in the Malaysian economy has led to a significant reduction in the poverty rate in the country.
Education in Malaysia
The Malaysian government provides free education to children between the ages of 6-18 years in government schools, as well as private schools that are subject to government regulations and educational policies, and education is divided into two stages: primary education, which starts from 6-12 years, and it is compulsory, Secondary education begins at the age of 12-18 years, and students can enroll in vocational or technical schools instead of studying the last four years of secondary education, and curricula are taught in Malaysian (Bhas Malay) officially, and Chinese and Tamil are taught in primary education only. English is taught in schools as a secondary language.
The higher education system in Malaysia is distinguished by its long experience in international education, which amounts to 30 years. It is a highly efficient system and provides the opportunity to obtain an international qualification at competitive prices. Malaysia includes more than 100 public and private institutions, including foreign branches of highly qualified universities. From Ireland, the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom, it is worth noting that these institutions are funded by the government and are under the supervision of the Malaysian Ministry of Education.
culture in malaysia
Malaysia is characterized by the diversity of its cultures, such as the culture of the peoples of Malaya, Indian culture, Chinese culture, Eurasia culture, and the culture of the indigenous people in it. As for music, it is greatly influenced by Chinese and Islamic music, and focuses on the use of a type of drum called (Gendang), in addition to the rebab (a stringed instrument with a bow played), the flute and the trumpet, and the Serunai instrument, which is an instrument similar to the flute. It has a double cane. As for dance and dance plays, most of them are of Indian, Thai and Portuguese origins. Malaysia is also famous for its puppet theater and shadows (wayang kulit), and handicrafts such as; Batik, fabric, and products made of silver or copper, and is also distinguished by having a martial art called (Silat).[2]
Tourism in Malaysia
The tourism sector in Malaysia is characterized by rapid growth, as the number of tourists has reached approximately 7 million tourists annually, and the tourism sector is the third largest source of foreign exchange in Malaysia after the industry and petroleum sector;[10] this is due to the diversity of landscapes, culture and activities in it. Strolling in Georgetown, spending time in the 130-million-year-old Borneo forest, and exploring isolated islands are among the most important activities that are practiced in Malaysia, and Malaysia includes many places that can be visited for hiking, including the following:
Malacca City in Malacca State.
Georgetown, Penang State.
Farhantine Islands in Terengganu State.
Danum Valley in the state of Sabah.
The city of Alor Setar in the state of Kedah.
Kota Kinabalu is a city in the state of Sabah.
Ipoh city in Perak State.
Cameron Highlands in Pahang State.
The island of Pulau Tioman in the state of Fahag.
Pangkor Island in the state of Viraq.
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